Public Opinion On The Obamacare Act - 1203 Words

Ajibola Yinka PO 326- Politics and public policy Adriana Buliga-Stoian 20th November, 2015. PUBLIC OPINION What is/are Public Opinion? Public opinion is an important aspect of democracy. ThisS is the view(s) commonly held among the general public. These are sets of attitude that shapes a group which either helps improve the quality or efficiency of an issue or agenda. The article puts forth its thesis as the influence of systematic issue attention cycle which strongly influences public attitude and behavior concerning most domestic problems. The public engage in election and choose their representative/leader, therefore; they have the right to voice out their opinion on certain issues. Public opinion is a form of political participation.†¦show more content†¦The first stage is the Pre-Problem age. This occurs when some highly undesirable social condition exists but has not captured much public attention even though some groups might be aware of it. Traits arising from this stage are that the interest groups declare a problem. The second stage is the alarmed discovery and euphoric enthusiasm. Here, the public suddenly becomes both aware of and alarmed about the evils of a particular problem. The discovery is accompanied by the society’s ability to solve the problem or do something effective within a short span of time. Traits arising from this issue is that public experience negative consequences of unhealthy environment e.g. Flooding. The third stage is Realizing the cost of significant progress. It consists of gradually spreading realization that the cost of solving the problem is very high indeed. Engaging in this will not only take a lot of money but also requires major sacrifices by large groups in the population. A major trait at this stage is that it has high cost clause and involves many sacrifices. The fourth stage is the gradual decline of intense public interest. The third stage becomes gradually transformed into the fourth stage. There is a gradual decline in the intensity of public interest interest in the environmental problem. As more r ealize how difficult it is and how costly, some people could get discouraged

The Host Chapter 5 Uncomforted Free Essays

string(27) " a part of the front line\." Hello there, Wanderer! Won’t you take a seat and make yourself at home?† I hesitated on the threshold of the Comforter’s office, one foot in and one foot out. She smiled, just a tiny movement at the corners of her mouth. It was much easier to read facial expressions now; the little muscle twitches and shifts had become familiar through months of exposure. We will write a custom essay sample on The Host Chapter 5: Uncomforted or any similar topic only for you Order Now I could see that the Comforter found my reluctance a bit amusing. At the same time, I could sense her frustration that I was still uneasy coming to her. With a quiet sigh of resignation, I walked into the small brightly colored room and took my usual seat-the puffy red one, the one farthest from where she sat. Her lips pursed. To avoid her gaze, I stared through the open windows at the clouds scuttling past the sun. The faint tang of ocean brine blew softly through the room. â€Å"So, Wanderer. It’s been a while since you’ve come to see me.† I met her eyes guiltily. â€Å"I did leave a message about that last appointment. I had a student who requested some of my time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes, I know.† She smiled the tiny smile again. â€Å"I got your message.† She was attractive for an older woman, as humans went. She’d let her hair stay a natural gray-it was soft, tending toward white rather than silver, and she wore it long, pulled back in a loose ponytail. Her eyes were an interesting green color I’d never seen on anyone else. â€Å"I’m sorry,† I said, since she seemed to be waiting for a response. â€Å"That’s all right. I understand. It’s difficult for you to come here. You wish so much that it wasn’t necessary. It’s never been necessary for you before. This frightens you.† I stared down at the wooden floor. â€Å"Yes, Comforter.† â€Å"I know I’ve asked you to call me Kathy.† â€Å"Yes†¦ Kathy.† She laughed lightly. â€Å"You are not at ease with human names yet, are you, Wanderer?† â€Å"No. To be honest, it seems†¦ like a surrender.† I looked up to see her nod slowly. â€Å"Well, I can understand why you, especially, would feel that way.† I swallowed loudly when she said that, and stared again at the floor. â€Å"Let’s talk about something easier for a moment,† Kathy suggested. â€Å"Do you continue to enjoy your Calling?† â€Å"I do.† This was easier. â€Å"I’ve begun a new semester. I wondered if it would get tiresome, repeating the same material, but so far it doesn’t. Having new ears makes the stories new again.† â€Å"I hear good things about you from Curt. He says your class is among the most requested at the university.† My cheeks warmed a bit at this praise. â€Å"That’s nice to hear. How is your partner?† â€Å"Curt is wonderful, thank you. Our hosts are in excellent shape for their ages. We have many years ahead of us, I think.† I was curious if she would stay on this world, if she would move to another human host when the time came, or if she would leave. But I didn’t want to ask any questions that might move us into the more difficult areas of discussion. â€Å"I enjoy teaching,† I said instead. â€Å"It’s somewhat related to my Calling with the See Weeds, so that makes it easier than something unfamiliar. I’m indebted to Curt for requesting me.† â€Å"They’re lucky to have you.† Kathy smiled warmly. â€Å"Do you know how rare it is for a Professor of History to have experienced even two planets in the curriculum? Yet you’ve lived a term on almost all of them. And the Origin, to boot! There isn’t a school on this planet that wouldn’t love to steal you away from us. Curt plots ways to keep you busy so you have no time to consider moving.† â€Å"Honorary Professor,† I corrected her. Kathy smiled and then took a deep breath, her smile fading. â€Å"You haven’t been to see me in so long, I was wondering if your problems were resolving themselves. But then it occurred to me that perhaps the reason for your absence was that they were getting worse.† I stared down at my hands and said nothing. My hands were light brown-a tan that never faded whether I spent time in the sun or not. One dark freckle marked the skin just above my left wrist. My nails were cut short. I disliked the feeling of long nails. They were unpleasant when they brushed the skin wrong. And my fingers were so long and thin-the added length of fingernails made them look strange. Even for a human. She cleared her throat after a minute. â€Å"I’m guessing my intuition was right.† â€Å"Kathy.† I said her name slowly. Stalling. â€Å"Why did you keep your human name? Did it make you feel†¦ more at one? With your host, I mean?† I would have liked to know about Curt’s choice as well, but it was such a personal question. It would have been wrong to ask anyone besides Curt for the answer, even his partner. I worried that I’d already been too impolite, but she laughed. â€Å"Heavens, no, Wanderer. Haven’t I told you this? Hmm. Maybe not, since it’s not my job to talk, but to listen. Most of the souls I speak with don’t need as much encouragement as you do. Did you know I came to Earth in one of the very first placements, before the humans had any idea we were here? I had human neighbors on both sides. Curt and I had to pretend to be our hosts for several years. Even after we’d settled the immediate area, you never knew when a human might be near. So Kathy just became who I was. Besides, the translation of my former name was fourteen words long and did not shorten prettily.† She grinned. The sunlight slanting through the window caught her eyes and sent their silver green reflection dancing on the wall. For a moment, the emerald irises glowed iridescent. I’d had no idea that this soft, cozy woman had been a part of the front line. You read "The Host Chapter 5: Uncomforted" in category "Essay examples" It took me a minute to process that. I stared at her, surprised and suddenly more respectful. I’d never taken Comforters very seriously-never had a need before now. They were for those who struggled, for the weak, and it shamed me to be here. Knowing Kathy’s history made me feel slightly less awkward with her. She understood strength. â€Å"Did it bother you?† I asked. â€Å"Pretending to be one of them?† â€Å"No, not really. You see, this host was a lot to get used to-there was so much that was new. Sensory overload. Following the set pattern was quite as much as I could handle at first.† â€Å"And Curt†¦ You chose to stay with your host’s spouse? After it was over?† This question was more pointed, and Kathy grasped that at once. She shifted in her seat, pulling her legs up and folding them under her. She gazed thoughtfully at a spot just over my head as she answered. â€Å"Yes, I chose Curt-and he chose me. At first, of course, it was random chance, an assignment. We bonded, naturally, from spending so much time together, sharing the danger of our mission. As the university’s president, Curt had many contacts, you see. Our house was an insertion facility. We would entertain often. Humans would come through our door and our kind would leave. It all had to be very quick and quiet-you know the violence these hosts are prone to. We lived every day with the knowledge that we could meet a final end at any moment. There was constant excitement and frequent fear. â€Å"All very good reasons why Curt and I might have formed an attachment and decided to stay together when secrecy was no longer necessary. And I could lie to you, assuage your fears, by telling you that these were the reasons. But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She shook her head and then seemed to settle deeper into her chair, her eyes boring into me. â€Å"In so many millennia, the humans never did figure love out. How much is physical, how much in the mind? How much accident and how much fate? Why did perfect matches crumble and impossible couples thrive? I don’t know the answers any better than they did. Love simply is where it is. My host loved Curt’s host, and that love did not die when the ownership of the minds changed.† She watched me carefully, reacting with a slight frown when I slumped in my seat. â€Å"Melanie still grieves for Jared,† she stated. I felt my head nod without willing the action. â€Å"You grieve for him.† I closed my eyes. â€Å"The dreams continue?† â€Å"Every night,† I mumbled. â€Å"Tell me about them.† Her voice was soft, persuasive. â€Å"I don’t like to think about them.† â€Å"I know. Try. It might help.† â€Å"How? How will it help to tell you that I see his face every time I close my eyes? That I wake up and cry when he’s not there? That the memories are so strong I can’t separate hers from mine anymore?† I stopped abruptly, clenching my teeth. Kathy pulled a white handkerchief from her pocket and offered it to me. When I didn’t move, she got up, walked over to me, and dropped it in my lap. She sat on the arm of my chair and waited. I held on stubbornly for half a minute. Then I snatched the little square of fabric angrily and wiped my eyes. â€Å"I hate this.† â€Å"Everybody cries their first year. These emotions are so impossible. We’re all children for a bit, whether we intended that or not. I used to tear up every time I saw a pretty sunset. The taste of peanut butter would sometimes do that, too.† She patted the top of my head, then trailed her fingers gently through the lock of hair I always kept tucked behind my ear. â€Å"Such pretty, shiny hair,† she noted. â€Å"Every time I see you it’s shorter. Why do you keep it that way?† Already in tears, I didn’t feel like I had much dignity to defend. Why claim that it was easier to care for, as I usually did? After all, I’d come here to confess and get help-I might as well get on with it. â€Å"It bothers her. She likes it long.† She didn’t gasp, as I half expected she would. Kathy was good at her job. Her response was only a second late and only slightly incoherent. â€Å"You†¦ She†¦ she’s still that†¦ present?† The appalling truth tumbled from my lips. â€Å"When she wants to be. Our history bores her. She’s more dormant while I’m working. But she’s there, all right. Sometimes I feel like she’s as present as I am.† My voice was only a whisper by the time I was done. â€Å"Wanderer!† Kathy exclaimed, horrified. â€Å"Why didn’t you tell me it was that bad? How long has it been this way?† â€Å"It’s getting worse. Instead of fading, she seems to be growing stronger. It’s not as bad as the Healer’s case yet-we spoke of Kevin, do you remember? She hasn’t taken control. She won’t. I won’t let that happen!† The pitch of my voice climbed. â€Å"Of course it won’t happen,† she assured me. â€Å"Of course not. But if you’re this†¦ unhappy, you should have told me earlier. We need to get you to a Healer.† It took me a moment, emotionally distracted as I was, to understand. â€Å"A Healer? You want me to skip?† â€Å"No one would think badly of that choice, Wanderer. It’s understood, if a host is defective -â€Å" â€Å"Defective? She’s not defective. I am. I’m too weak for this world!† My head fell into my hands as the humiliation washed through me. Fresh tears welled in my eyes. Kathy’s arm settled around my shoulders. I was struggling so hard to control my wild emotions that I didn’t pull away, though it felt too intimate. It bothered Melanie, too. She didn’t like being hugged by an alien. Of course Melanie was very much present in this moment, and unbearably smug as I finally admitted to her power. She was gleeful. It was always harder to control her when I was distracted by emotion like this. I tried to calm myself so that I would be able to put her in her place. You are in my place. Her thought was faint but intelligible. How much worse it was getting; she was strong enough to speak to me now whenever she wished. It was as bad as that first minute of consciousness. Go away. It’s my place now. Never. â€Å"Wanderer, dear, no. You are not weak, and we both know that.† â€Å"Hmph.† â€Å"Listen to me. You are strong. Surprisingly strong. Our kind are always so much the same, but you exceed the norm. You’re so brave it astonishes me. Your past lives are a testament to that.† My past lives maybe, but this life? Where was my strength now? â€Å"But humans are more individualized than we are,† Kathy went on. â€Å"There’s quite a range, and some of them are much stronger than others. I truly believe that if anyone else had been put into this host, Melanie would have crushed them in days. Maybe it’s an accident, maybe it’s fate, but it appears to me that the strongest of our kind is being hosted by the strongest of theirs.† â€Å"Doesn’t say much for our kind, does it?† She heard the implication behind my words. â€Å"She’s not winning, Wanderer. You are this lovely person beside me. She’s just a shadow in the corner of your mind.† â€Å"She speaks to me, Kathy. She still thinks her own thoughts. She still keeps her secrets.† â€Å"But she doesn’t speak for you, does she? I doubt I would be able to say as much in your place.† I didn’t respond. I was feeling too miserable. â€Å"I think you should consider reimplantation.† â€Å"Kathy, you just said that she would crush a different soul. I don’t know if I believe that-you’re probably just trying to do your job and comfort me. But if she is so strong, it wouldn’t be fair to hand her off to someone else because I can’t subdue her. Who would you choose to take her on?† â€Å"I didn’t say that to comfort you, dear.† â€Å"Then what -â€Å" â€Å"I don’t think this host would be considered for reuse.† â€Å"Oh!† A shiver of horror jolted down my spine. And I wasn’t the only one who was staggered by the idea. I was immediately repulsed. I was no quitter. Through the long revolutions around the suns of my last planet-the world of the See Weeds, as they were known here-I had waited. Though the permanence of being rooted began to wear long before I’d thought it would, though the lives of the See Weeds would measure in centuries on this planet, I had not skipped out on the life term of my host. To do so was wasteful, wrong, ungrateful. It mocked the very essence of who we were as souls. We made our worlds better places; that was absolutely essential or we did not deserve them. But we were not wasteful. We did make whatever we took better, more peaceful and beautiful. And the humans were brutish and ungovernable. They had killed one another so frequently that murder had been an accepted part of life. The various tortures they’d devised over the few millennia they’d lasted had been too much for me; I hadn’t been able to bear even the dry official overviews. Wars had raged over the face of nearly every continent. Sanctioned murder, ordered and viciously effective. Those who lived in peaceful nations had looked the other way as members of their own species starved on their doorstep. There was no equality to the distribution of the planet’s bounteous resources. Most vile yet, their offspring-the next generation, which my kind nearly worshipped for their promise-had all too often been victims of heinous crimes. And not just at the hands of strangers, but at the hands of the caretakers they were entrusted to. Even the huge sphere of th e planet had been put into jeopardy through their careless and greedy mistakes. No one could compare what had been and what was now and not admit that Earth was a better place thanks to us. You murder an entire species and then pat yourselves on the back. My hands balled up into fists. I could have you disposed of, I reminded her. Go ahead. Make my murder official. I was bluffing, but so was Melanie. Oh, she thought she wanted to die. She’d thrown herself into the elevator shaft, after all. But that was in a moment of panic and defeat. To consider it calmly from a comfortable chair was something else altogether. I could feel the adrenaline-adrenaline called into being by her fear-shoot through my limbs as I contemplated switching to a more pliant body. It would be nice to be alone again. To have my mind to myself. This world was very pleasant in so many novel ways, and it would be wonderful to be able to appreciate it without the distractions of an angry, displaced nonentity who should have had better sense than to linger unwanted this way. Melanie squirmed, figuratively, in the recesses of my head as I tried to consider it rationally. Maybe I should give up†¦ The words themselves made me flinch. I, Wanderer, give up? Quit? Admit failure and try again with a weak, spineless host who wouldn’t give me any trouble? I shook my head. I could barely stand to think of it. And†¦ this was my body. I was used to the feel of it. I liked the way the muscles moved over the bones, the bend of the joints and the pull of the tendons. I knew the reflection in the mirror. The sun-browned skin, the high, sharp bones of my face, the short silk cap of mahogany hair, the muddy green brown hazel of my eyes-this was me. I wanted myself. I wouldn’t let what was mine be destroyed. How to cite The Host Chapter 5: Uncomforted, Essay examples

Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer. Answer: Introduction: Evidence-based practice is basically an important decision making procedure that is based on utilizing the most contemporary clinical evidence, current research findings, patient preferences and clinical experience. Medical experts are expected to comprehensively incorporate and implement the research findings into clinical practice. Nonetheless, most health professionals have not been trained on how to conduct this. Therefore, nurses are not expected to incorporate evidence-based practice prior to training. Evidence-based practice entails the cautious utilization of contemporary evidence to make appropriate verdicts concerning patient care (DiCenso, Guyatt Ciliska, 2014). It is an approach which aids in solving administrative and clinical practice concerns. It integrates a suitable critical appraisal and search of essential data which can help in solving urgent clinical questions (DiCenso, Guyatt Ciliska, 2014). Furthermore, it also incorporates a nurses clinical expertise and patients values and preferences (Gone, 2013). Therefore, it is a reliable process which enables health experts to research on clinical issues and any other relevant information and applies the findings to actual practice (Blais, 2015). This position statement seeks to identify and analyze both the positive and negative sides of evidence-based practice employed by registered nurses. It will also develop a conclusion on the basis of the standards of practice of nurses. Moreover, it will examine how evidence-based practice can be applied to aid in improving patient outcomes. Finally, the position statement will explore how realistic medical practitioners more so registered nurses can implement evidence-based practice without support or training in any clinical setting. Registered nurses are compelled to adhere to the stipulated standards and regulations so as to deliver quality healthcare. Standard 6 of the Registered Nurse Standard for Practice of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) 2016 necessitates that registered nurses ought to provide responsive, appropriate and safe healthcare. Additionally, this should be done in accordance with the best evidence that is available to attain planned outcomes (Blais, 2015). Standard 6.3 requires that practice is delegated to enrolled nurses to enhance the provision of personalized care (NMBA, 2016). Consequently, evidence-based practice is in accordance with these standards because it entails the capability to individualize patients care. The practice also helps in reducing the cost of care and boosts the experience of the medical professionals providing care. Evidence-based practice has been beneficial for the healthcare sector. First, it has significantly aided in advancing the healthcare industry (Townsend, 2013). It has made the methods of providing care and service delivery dependent on credible evidence. Subsequently, it restrains the views of medical experts to be only considered as ideas rather than facts (Harvey and Kitson, 2015). It is important to note that credible evidence entails the combination of various findings obtained through research; therefore, it is accurate and verifiable. Evidence-based practice can be effectively implemented both clinically and theoretically by registered nurses through various steps. First, they have to evaluate the various patient conditions since sick persons might be unable to comprehensively explain their specific medical problems. Similarly, additional and key information can be obtained mainly through sufficient inquiry from the diverse patients (Greenhalgh, Howick and Maskrey, 2014). The next vital approach useful in attaining the implementation of evidence-based practice is to conduct detailed research in regards to appropriate medical resources that are available. Subsequently, the evidence has to be critically reviewed to determine its applicability or validity. It is key to note that all relevant information gathered can be appropriately applied to any patients clinical concern on the basis of medical expertise (Cvach et al, 2013). Finally, adequate analysis ought to be done to ascertain the appropriateness of the finding s. It is vital to note that standard 5 compels registered nurses to develop effective care plans for patients (NMBA, 2016). Subsequently, the plans should correspond to a comprehensive and detailed evidence. Therefore, evidence-based practice improves a patients outcome by incorporating additional information in the treatment hence better results (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber, 2017). Failure by registered nurses to implement evidence-based practice makes patients be at the risk of getting outdated and potentially harmful medical care or advice (Gould et al, 2013). Constant learning is paramount since evidence is continuously evolving. Therefore, the findings that were helpful in the past are not necessarily reliable anymore. There are many instances where medical experts encouraged certain practices which were later discovered that they were not beneficial (Howington et al, 2013). For example, medical professionals previously encouraged the practice of having a baby sleep on his or her stoma ch. However, after several studies, it was revealed that this practice contributed to infant death syndrome. Nowadays, it is suggested that babies lie on their back during sleep time (Greenhalgh, Howick and Maskrey, 2014). This is revealed to aid in reducing the risk associated with cot deaths (Schneider Whitehead, 2013) as well as suffocation. Notably, it is achievable for registered nurses to adopt evidence-based practice even without training. Additionally, this is because nurses possess self-efficacy skills hence would still conduct research without any training. On the contrary, heavy daily workload hinders registered nurses from coming up with contemporary evidence. Sometimes the researched data may be irrelevant. To ensure more evidence-based practice, mentoring and training of the health professionals ought to be considered (Gray et al., 2013). Insufficient time and inadequate comprehension of the medical journals may also curtail efforts to promote the practice. Enormous healthcare literature which is published in various sources inhibits the ability of medical experts to remain updated with contemporary evidence. Another challenge is lack of authority to alter patient care measures. Standard 3 of the nurses practice requires that registered nurses emulate a lifetime learning approach (NMBA, 2016). It makes sure that there is constant professional development in nursing care as well as practice. Most healthcare providers indicate a positive view of adopting evidence-based approach since it is vital in improving patient care. Nonetheless, the speed of acceptance and implementation of evidence-based practice is slow (DiCenso, Guyatt Ciliska, 2014). As such, the slow speed may lead to delays in service provision. The efficient implementation of evidence-based practice poses new demands to the nurses. For example, they have to apply dependable evidence to particular clients situations via adequate searching of related information or data, utilizing clinical judgments, and subsequently putting into consideration clients preferences as well values (Hauck, Winsett and Kuric, 2013). Moreover, a nurse ought to be able to recognize areas where there is knowledge gaps and should be to find ways of mitigating the gaps. New nurses also lack the experience when dealing with evidence-based research. As such, nurses ought to be trained on how to implement evidence-based research and practice. Evidence-based practice, therefore, needs commitment so as to provide patients with the finest and best possible health care. In busy clinical environments, it is fundamental that understanding where to get the most current and suitable evidence is the initial step towards achieving prosperous evidence-based practice (Stokke et al, 2014). Consequently, having the urge and confidence to transform clinical practice in regards to contemporary information is critical. Frequently, registered nurses may not get the necessary answers they require to improve practice. On the other hand, it is significant to understand that continuous effort will bear positive results (DiCenso, Guyatt Ciliska, 2014). The tough experiences of not being able to find the most applicable evidence ought not to restrain nurses from engaging in the process of evidence-based practice. However, this should aid in stimulating new research which can aid in finding the evidence required. Generally, in the contemporary health care management environment, due to the need to ensure minimal cost, accountability in any results achieved, time efficiency and patient-focused care, there is a necessity to implement an effective evidence-based practice (Scurlock-Evans, Upton and Upton, 2014). Any researched information used to better healthcare ought to be in line with the nurses' ethical standards which outline how to deliver efficient care in diverse clinical conditions. Appropriate implementation of evidence-based practice helps in solving clinical problems hence better delivery of healthcare to patients (Silvestri et al, 2013). On the contrary, if the evidence researched is irrelevant, then this process may prove to be disastrous. The final position on evidence-based practice is that it is imperative in the nursing practice. Moreover, this is because challenges like irrelevancy of evidence are minimal since the researchers are professional medical experts (Schneider and Wh itehead, 2013). Therefore, evidence-based practice ought to be adopted by health practitioners more so registered nurses to enable the efficient delivery of health services. In conclusion, according to contemporary data on evidence-based practice and the nursing standards, it is justifiable to state that the Evidence-based practice is beneficial to both the patients as well as the healthcare sector. First, it has significantly helped in advancing and promotion the healthcare industry by providing new ways of tackling patients issues and service delivery. It is, therefore, important for the registered nurses to adopt evidence-based practice even without training to enable in providing quality health care (Harvey Kitson, 2015). This is because nurses possess self-efficacy skills, therefore, would still conduct research. On the contrary, heavy daily workload hinders registered nurses from coming up with contemporary evidence (Gray et al., 2013). In this regard, nurses shortage should be addressed to avoid workload and pressure in nursing. This would enable the nurses to work effectively and provide quality and better services to the patients. In nutshell, evidence-based practice can be effectively implemented clinically by the registered nurses through a number of steps which ought to be effectively followed. References Blais, K. (2015). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives. Pearson. Cvach, M. M., Biggs, M., Rothwell, K. J., Charles-Hudson, C. (2013). Daily electrode change and effect on cardiac monitor alarms: an evidence-based practice approach.Journal of nursing care quality,28(3), 265-271. DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., Ciliska, D. (2014).Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Gone, J. P. (2013). A community-based treatment for Native American historical trauma: Prospects for evidence-based practice. Gould, M. K., Donington, J., Lynch, W. R., Mazzone, P. J., Midthun, D. E., Naidich, D. P., Wiener, R. S. (2013). Evaluation of individuals with pulmonary nodules: When is it lung cancer?: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Chest,143(5), e93S-e120S. Gray, M., Joy, E., Plath, D., Webb, S. A. (2013). Implementing evidence-based practice: A review of the empirical research literature. Research on Social Work Practice, 23(2), 157-166. Greenhalgh, T., Howick, J., Maskrey, N. (2014). Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis?.Bmj,348, g3725. Harvey, G., Kitson, A. (2015).Implementing evidence-based practice in healthcare: a facilitation guide. Routledge. Hauck, S., Winsett, R. P., Kuric, J. (2013). Leadership facilitation strategies to establish evidence?based practice in an acute care hospital.Journal of advanced nursing,69(3), 664-674. Howington, J. A., Blum, M. G., Chang, A. C., Balekian, A. A., Murthy, S. C. (2013). Treatment of stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Chest,143(5), e278S-e313S. Laska, K. M., Gurman, A. S., Wampold, B. E. (2014). Expanding the lens of evidence-based practice in psychotherapy: A common factors perspective.Psychotherapy,51(4), 467. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Schneider, Z., Whitehead, D. (2013).Nursing and midwifery research: methods and appraisal for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Australia. Scurlock-Evans, L., Upton, P., Upton, D. (2014). Evidence-based practice in physiotherapy: a systematic review of barriers, enablers and interventions.Physiotherapy,100(3), 208-219. Silvestri, G. A., Gonzalez, A. V., Jantz, M. A., Margolis, M. L., Gould, M. K., Tanoue, L. T., ... Detterbeck, F. C. (2013). Methods for staging non-small cell lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Chest,143(5), e211S-e250S. Stokke, K., Olsen, N. R., Espehaug, B., Nortvedt, M. W. (2014). Evidence based practice beliefs and implementation among nurses: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing,13(1), 8. Townsend, M. C. (2013).Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis.

An Estimated 146,000 Americans Died Of Lung Cancer In 1992, And 90 Per

An estimated 146,000 Americans died of lung cancer in 1992, and 90 percent of these deaths were caused by cigarette smoking. Smoking is responsible for about 30 percent of all cancer deaths annually in the United States more than 155,000 each year. If smoking-related cancers could be eliminated from our society, we would see a significant decline in the annual cancer death rate instead of small but steady increases. Since 1964, the year of the Surgeon General's first report on the health risks of cigarette smoking, strong evidence of the association between smoking and cancer has accumulated. Countless studies have proved that smoking causes lung cancer, and we now know that it substantially increases a person's risk of developing cancer of the larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas. Additional studies suggest a strong association between smoking and cancer of the cervix. The risk of developing lung and other smoking-associated cancers is related to total lifetime exposure to cigarette smoke, as measured by the number of cigarettes smoked each day, the age at which smoking began, and the number of years a person has smoked. Likewise, the risk of developing other smoking- related diseases, including chronic lung diseases and coronary heart disease, also increases with the amount of smoking a person has done. The health risks associated with cigarette smoke are not limited to smokers: exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) significantly increases a nonsmoker's risk of developing lung cancer. (ETS is the smoke that nonsmokers are exposed to when they share air space with someone who is smoking.) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a risk assessment report in December 1992, in which ETS was classified as a Group A (known human) carcinogen a category reserved for only the most dangerous cancer-causing agents. The EPA report estimates that ETS is responsible for several thousand lung cancers in nonsmokers each year and, perhaps equally important, links ETS exposure with severe respiratory problems in infants and young children. The good news is that a smoker's risk of developing lung and other cancers can be reduced by quitting. The risk begins to decrease immediately after quitting and continues to decline gradually each year. Another benefit is that the risk of developing other cancers and chronic diseases associated with smoking is also reduced. The risk of coronary heart disease, for example, declines substantially within only a few short years following cessation. Women who quit smoking during the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy substantially reduce the risk of such adverse pregnancy outcomes as low birth weight or stillbirth.

Learn to Sing Douce Nuit or Silent Night in French

Learn to Sing Douce Nuit or Silent Night in French Here are the French lyrics with a literal translation, followed by the traditional English lyrics. The tune is the same, but as you can see, the French version of this Christmas carol is quite different. Listen to a video of Douce Nuit on YouTube  - the song takes some time to start but it does eventually, with the lyrics underneath which is convenient if youd like to learn it in French. Douce Nuit With Literal English Translation Douce nuit, sainte nuit!Dans les cieux ! Lastre luit.Le mystà ¨re annoncà © saccomplitCet enfant sur la paille endormi,Cest lamour infini ! x2 Sweet night, holy night!In the skies, the start shines.The announced mystery is taking placeThis child asleep on the straw,He is infinite love! Saint enfant, doux agneau !Quil est grand ! Quil est beau !Entendez rà ©sonner les pipeauxDes bergers conduisant leurs troupeauxVers son humble berceau ! x2   Saint child, sweet lamb!How tall! How beautiful!Do you hear the pipesOf the shepherds who lead their herdsTowards his humble cradle! Cest vers nous quil accourt,En un don sans retour !De ce monde ignorant de lamour,Oà ¹ commence aujourdhui son sà ©jour,Quil soit Roi pour toujours ! x2   It’s towards us he is running,In a gift without end !Of this world ignoring love,Where today starts his stay,Let him be king for ever! Quel accueil pour un Roi !Point dabri, point de toit !Dans sa crà ¨che il grelotte de froidO pà ©cheur, sans attendre la croix,Jà ©sus souffre pour toi ! x2 What a welcome for a king!No shelter, no roof!In his manger he is shivering with coldO sinner, without waiting for the cross,Jesus is suffering for you! Paix tous ! Gloire au ciel !Gloire au sein maternel,Qui pour nous, en ce jour de Noà «l,Enfanta le Sauveur à ©ternel,Quattendait Israà «l ! x2 Peace to all ! Glory to heavens !Glory to the maternal breast,Who for us, on this Christmas dayGave birth to our eternal Savior,Who Israà «l was waiting for. Lyrics to Silent Night Silent night, Holy nightAll is calm, all is brightRound yon virgin, mother and childHoly infant, tender and mildSleep in heavenly peace,Sleep in heavenly peace.3 Silent night, Holy nightSon of God, loves pure lightRadiant beams from thy holy faceWith the dawn of redeeming grace,Jesus, Lord at thy birthJesus, Lord at thy birth.2 Silent night, Holy nightShepherds quake, at the sightGlories stream from heaven aboveHeavenly, hosts sing Hallelujah.Christ the Savior is born,Christ the Savior is born

Communication and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Communication and Culture - Essay Example Based on the source, culture is ordinary. This means that it is commonly performed. Every member of the society is participating in different ways and contributing to culture. Every activity then can be considered as part of the culture since it can be related to the social group to which a person or a group of person belongs. Basically, culture can be considered as a way of life since it describes the identity, visions, history and future of a community. In addition, culture can also be perceived in the form of different expressions such as arts, music, food culture, technology and other forms of knowledge and institutions (Williams). By being ordinary, it can be considered that culture is two-fold in terms of definition and application. One facet of culture is the identity pertained and projected by the whole community. For example India is known for the caste system, China for the practice of socialized industries and Japan for technological principles and prowess. If the said countries are critically analyzed on the basis of being in Asia, it can be roughly generalized that Asian culture is based on creativity and high level of diversity on the basis of the fact that the culture and identity of each nation is very distinct from the adjacent countries. Within each nation, any member of the population also has a distinct view and contribution to culture through their personal way of life. They communicate and survive through the application of tried and tested principles as well as trying new ideas and knowledge for future guidance and reference. Through the two-fold point of view regarding culture, it can then be applicable in terms of a person’s own attitudes, objective and behavior and also the traditions and practices of the community where the person belongs. One of the important features of the culture and society is the political economy which can be defined on the basis of the two roots of the

Macro Economic Policy in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Macro Economic Policy in Australia - Essay Example As a result of this, it attained the benefit of full employment and lower inflation level. The macro economic policy in Australia is focused on its monetary and fiscal policy and it aims to attain a sustainable developmental growth by mitigating certain problems in the areas of unemployment, inflation and other trade difficulties. "A macroeconomic policy framework conducive to growth can be characterised by five features: a low and predictable inflation rate; an appropriate real interest rate; a stable and sustainable fiscal policy; a competitive and predictable real exchange rate; and a balance of payments that is regarded as viable. Countries with these macroeconomic characteristics tend to grow faster than those without them."(Andersen and Gruen 2007). The term fiscal policy is related with two major concepts like allocation of resources and proper distribution of income. Proper implementation of fiscal policy is essential for maintaining a constant price level, elimination of job redundancy, and thereby the fulfillment of effective economic growth. So, the fiscal policy can be seen as playing a very important role in the accomplishment of economic objective. The approach towards both fiscal and monetary policy is quite different. ... nder circumstances in which annual budgets are strictly balanced, the irregular character of the within-year flow of expenditures and of revenues inevitably means that for some shorter periods within the annual time period, there will be 'deficits', albeit offset by 'surpluses' during other shorter periods, within the annual cycle. To the extent that the annual budget time-frame is ultimately arbitrary, this means that those who are committed to strict annual budget balance, in fact, as much acquiesce in the acceptability of temporary budget deficits, as do those who would argue instead for allowing some annual budget deficits, to be offset at other times by annual budget surpluses." (Approaches to Fiscal Policy. 2007). As far as the present economic situation prevailing in Australia is taken in to consideration, it is very clear that for the overall development of the economy, there should be a better resource allocation and income distribution is crucial. It is very important to make an understanding about the system of fiscal policy and its effectiveness. By taking this concept in the practical point of view, the fiscal policy may be short term, medium term and long term as far as the different situation is taken in to fact. "Fiscal policy is now directed firmly towards maintaining sound public finances over the medium term, based on strict rules. Where possible fiscal policy supports monetary policy over the economic cycle. This approach, together with the new monetary policy framework, provides the platform of stability necessary for achieving the Government's central economic goal of high and sustainable levels of growth and employment." (Fiscal Policy in the UK. 2007). For the effective imple mentation of an economy, the fiscal policy gives emphasis on certain